Acamprol: Clinically Proven Support for Alcohol Dependence Recovery
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Synonyms | |||
Acamprol (acamprosate calcium) is a prescription medication specifically developed to support maintenance of abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients who have achieved initial withdrawal. As a non-opioid, non-aversive pharmacological agent, it works by helping restore the disrupted neurotransmitter balance in the brain caused by chronic alcohol consumption. Clinical studies demonstrate its efficacy in reducing relapse rates when used as part of a comprehensive treatment program that includes psychosocial support. This neurostabilizer represents a cornerstone in modern addiction medicine, offering physiological support for the challenging process of long-term recovery.
Features
- Delayed-release tablet formulation (333 mg)
- Synthetic compound with structural similarity to GABA
- Renal excretion pathway with no hepatic metabolism
- Three-times-daily dosing regimen
- Requires prescription and medical supervision
- Manufactured under strict pharmaceutical quality standards
Benefits
- Reduces craving intensity and frequency in abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals
- Supports neuroadaptation during early recovery by modulating glutamatergic hyperactivity
- Non-addictive profile with no abuse potential
- Does not produce sedation or cognitive impairment at therapeutic doses
- Compatible with most psychosocial interventions and support programs
- Demonstrated long-term efficacy in maintaining abstinence beyond six months
Common use
Acamprol is indicated for the maintenance of abstinence from alcohol in patients with alcohol dependence who are abstinent at treatment initiation. It is typically initiated after the completion of alcohol withdrawal, usually within one week of achieving abstinence. The medication is most effective when integrated into a comprehensive management program that includes counseling, support groups, and behavioral therapies. Treatment duration is generally recommended for at least one year, though individual patient needs may vary based on clinical assessment and treatment response.
Dosage and direction
The recommended dosage of Acamprol is 666 mg (two 333 mg tablets) taken three times daily. For patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance 30-50 mL/min), the dosage should be reduced to 333 mg three times daily. Acamprol is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≤30 mL/min). Tablets should be swallowed whole with water and may be taken with or without food, though consistent administration with meals may help improve adherence. Treatment should be initiated as soon as possible after abstinence is achieved and maintained throughout the period of alcohol abstinence.
Precautions
Patients should be monitored for the emergence of depression or suicidal thoughts, as alcohol-dependent patients may have comorbid psychiatric conditions. Renal function should be assessed before initiation and periodically during treatment, particularly in elderly patients or those with conditions that may affect renal function. Acamprol does not eliminate or diminish withdrawal symptoms and should not be used for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Patients should continue to avoid alcohol consumption while taking Acamprol, as the medication is not intended to reduce the effects of acute alcohol consumption.
Contraindications
Acamprol is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≤30 mL/min). It should not be used in patients who are hypersensitive to acamprosate calcium or any of the excipients in the formulation. The medication is not recommended for patients still consuming alcohol, as it has not been shown to be effective in such circumstances. Safety in pregnancy has not been established, and Acamprol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Possible side effect
The most commonly reported adverse reactions include diarrhea (occurring in approximately 10-15% of patients), nausea, abdominal pain, pruritus, and various rash manifestations. These effects are generally mild to moderate in intensity and often transient. Less frequent side effects may include headache, dizziness, anxiety, insomnia, and asthenia. Cardiovascular effects such as palpitations and syncope have been reported rarely. Patients should report any persistent or bothersome side effects to their healthcare provider for appropriate management.
Drug interaction
Formal drug interaction studies have shown no clinically significant interactions with antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, or other medications commonly used in alcohol-dependent patients. However, as Acamprol is eliminated renally without hepatic metabolism, interactions mediated through cytochrome P450 enzymes are not expected. Caution should be exercised when prescribing Acamprol with other drugs that undergo renal excretion, particularly those with a narrow therapeutic index. No interaction with alcohol has been demonstrated, though concomitant use is not recommended as it undermines the treatment objective.
Missed dose
If a dose is missed, patients should take it as soon as they remember unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. In that case, the missed dose should be skipped, and the regular dosing schedule resumed. Patients should not double the dose to make up for a missed administration. Consistent adherence to the three-times-daily regimen is important for maintaining stable drug levels and optimal therapeutic effect. Healthcare providers should discuss strategies for medication adherence as part of the overall treatment plan.
Overdose
Cases of overdose have been reported with doses up to 56 grams of Acamprol. Symptoms may include gastrointestinal disturbances (diarrhea, nausea), dizziness, and electrolyte imbalances. In the event of suspected overdose, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be initiated. There is no specific antidote for Acamprol overdose. Hemodialysis may be considered in cases of significant overdose, particularly in patients with renal impairment, as Acamprol is eliminated primarily by renal excretion.
Storage
Acamprol tablets should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C or 59-86°F) in their original container to protect from moisture. Keep the medication out of reach of children and pets. Do not use Acamprol beyond the expiration date printed on the packaging. Proper disposal of unused medication should follow local regulations, typically through medication take-back programs or pharmacy disposal services.
Disclaimer
This information is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Acamprol is a prescription medication that should be used only under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. Individual patient responses may vary, and treatment decisions should be based on a thorough assessment by a medical provider. The manufacturer and distributors are not liable for any consequences arising from the use or misuse of this information.
Reviews
Clinical trials involving thousands of patients have demonstrated Acamprol’s efficacy in supporting abstinence maintenance. In randomized controlled studies, Acamprol-treated patients showed significantly higher continuous abstinence rates compared to placebo over treatment periods of 3-12 months. Meta-analyses confirm its moderate but consistent effect size in improving abstinence outcomes. Many addiction specialists report positive experiences with Acamprol as part of comprehensive treatment programs, noting particularly its favorable side effect profile and patient acceptability. Real-world evidence suggests that adherence to Acamprol therapy correlates with improved long-term recovery outcomes.